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Japan: the push and pull country Rate: 54321 Font size: | Category: Sociology | Posted By: admin | Rating:

Seeking to improve the quality of life for themselves and family, many Japanese embarked on a journey to Brazil in 1908. In the past twenty years many of the descendents are heading back to Japan and are not as welcomed as they would imagine (Amemiya, 1998). An analysis of the social, political, and economic factors that fuel Japanese migration to Brazil. This paper analysis uses the push pull theory in regards to Japanese individuals migrating to Brazil, and later generations migrating back to Japan. Japanese families rely on bettering their lives of their children. First hundreds of First 791 Japanese people came to Brazil in 1908, which makes it 100 years since the first migration to Brazil (Amemiya, 1998). These migrants were “contract immigrants” meaning they were bound by contract to work on certain plantations (Amemiya, 1998). The other type of immigrants from Japan were free immigrants who were moving to a new land with opportunity. The opportunity they found was to work in the agricultural sector. The push came from Japan, due to their farming sector failing due to the new modern industries. Brazil was in need of more labor due to new industrial sectors drawing most of the labor. Pushed out from the home country and landed in a tropical country. It comes down to corporations in need of cheap labor for their factories. This cheap labor comes from foreigners, foreigners who were advertised about a job listing through a friend or recruiters (Naoto Higuchi, 2003). Being pulled back into Japan was needed due to the new kills and jobs needed in modern Japan. These opportunities are what the Japanese-Brazilians are looking for. Many job advertisements were placed in Japanese newspapers in Brazil. First the advertisements were around 100 in 1987, then to more than 1000 in 1990. (Naoto Higuchi, 2003). These advertisements could have been brought on by the Japanese government allowing easy entrance into Japan if they’re considered foreign workers. Trade between Japan and Brazil exceeding $2,903 million in exports and imports of $2,610 million, the two countries work together in many commerce sectors. Japanese Brazilians migrating to Japan find discrimination and hardships put upon them. People are attracted to the surplus of industrial jobs, jobs which pay ten times more than their current wage (Tsuda, Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland, 2003). Estimated there are 280,000 Japanese-Brazilians living in Japan. (Tsuda, Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland, 2003). A nikkeijin is a “Japanese descendant born and living outside Japan” (Tsuda, Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland, 2003). Strong, hard working Japanese-Brazilian farm workers migrating to Japan brings the fulfillment of jobs in the less skilled sectors. The Japanese-Brazilians would take the jobs no other Japanese would want to take, which could create clashes and creation of a hierarchical setup. These Japanese-Brazilians take these jobs because the pay is significantly more than the wages in Brazil. Bibliography Amemiya, K. K. (1998, May). Being "Japanese" in Brazil and Okinawa. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from Japan Policy Research Institute: http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op13.html Demography, Immigration Background, Difficulties with Living in Japan, and Psychological Distress among Japanese Brazilians in Japan. (2006). Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health , 325-338. Japan-Brazil Relations. (2008, January). Retrieved January 27, 2008, from The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/brazil/index.html Luck, K. (2008, January 10). Lecture 2. Push Pull theory . Naoto Higuchi, K. T. (2003). What's Driving Brazil-Japan Migration? The Making and Remaking of the Brazilian Niche in Japan. International Journal of Japanese Sociology , 33-47. Tsuda, T. (2004, January 24). Japanese Brazilian Return Migration and the Making of Japan's Newest Immigrant Minority. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from UCLA International Institute: http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=6996 Tsuda, T. (2004, April). No place to call home: Japanese Brazilians discover they are foreigners in the country of their ancestors. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from BNET.Com - Natural History: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_3_113/ai_n5990766/print Tsuda, T. (2003). Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland. New York: Columbia University Press. United Nations Secretariat. (2005, June 27). UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/ittmigdev2005/P07-iguchi.pdf

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